现在进行时

表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，常与now,listen,look等词连用，结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing.

如：It is raining now.

外面正在下雨

It is six o’clock now.

现在6点了

My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.

我父母正在客厅看报纸

Look! The children are having a running race now.

看！孩子们正在赛跑

问句将be动词移前，否定句在be动词后+not.

2一般现在时

表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等词连用。

结构是主语+动词原形；当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时，动词后加s或es.

如：We have an English lesson every day.

我们每天都要上英语课

Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.

男孩比女孩跑的快吗？是的

问句借助于do, does否定句借助于don’t, doesn’t，后面动词一定要还原。

3一般过去时

表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。

结构是主语+be动词的过去式（was; were）或主语+动词的过去式。

注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。

如：My earphones were on the ground just now.

我的耳机刚刚还在呢。

Where were you last week? I was at a camp.

你上个星期去哪了？我去野营了

What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm

你昨天去干嘛了？我去参观农场了。

问句有be动词将be动词移前，没有be动词借助于did，后面动词还原；

否定句有be动词在后面加not，没有借助于didn't后面动词还原。

4一般将来时

表示将要打算发生的事情或动作，常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。

如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.

你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。

The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.

孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。

Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.

Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。

问句将be动词或will移前；否定句在be动词或will后加not.

4情态动词

can; can’t; should; shouldn’t; must; may后一定加动词原形。

如：The girl can’t swim, but she can skate.

女孩不会游泳，但是会滑冰

Don’t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.

不要再课上说话，你应该认真听老师讲。

6祈使句

肯定祈使句以动词原形开头；否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。

如：Open the box for me ,please.

请为我打开盒子。

Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.

刘涛，明天请早点起床！

Don’t walk on the grass!

不要在草地上走！

Helen! Don’t climb the tree,please.

海伦！不要爬树。

7go的用法

去干嘛用go +动词ing

如: go swimming; go fishing;

go skating;

go camping;

go running;

go skiing;

go rowing…

8比较

than 前用比较级；as…as之间用原级。

如：My mother is two years younger than my father.

我我爸年轻两岁。

Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.

刘涛跳得和本一样远。

9喜欢做某事

用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。

如：Su Yang likes growing flowers.

苏阳喜欢种花。

The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.

孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。

10想要做某事

用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。

例：I’d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum

11some

用于肯定句中，在否定句和问句中改为any，但当表示委婉语气时仍用some。

如：Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?

12代词

人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前，主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。

宾格做宾语用，一般放在动词或介词后

如：Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。

宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。

形容词性物主代词放在名词前，不能单独使用，分别是my your his her its our your their

名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词，它只能单独使用后面不好加名词，分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。

13介词

介词后要么不加动词，加动词只能加动词ing形式

如：be good at running;

do well in jumping;

14时间介词

季节前，月份前用介词in

如：in summer；in March

具体的哪一天如星期几，几月几日用介词on

如：on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning

在几点钟前用介词at

如：at a quarter to four;

只在上下午晚上用in

如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;

但在夜间用at night。

另：季节，月份和星期前不好加the.

15名词复数构成的方法

有规则的有：

(1)直接在名词后加s

如orange—oranges; photo—photos;

(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es

如：box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如：study—studies；library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;

(4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为v＋es如：knife—knives; thief—thieves（注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,）

不规则的有：

man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children

16动词第三人称单数的构成

(1)直接在动词后加s

如：run—runs; dance—dances

(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es

如：do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如：study—studies; carry—carries;

17现在分词的构成

(1)直接在动词后加ing

如：sing—singing; ski—skiing;

(2)双写词尾加ing

如：swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;

(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing

如：ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;

18规则动词过去式的构成

(1)直接在动词后加ed

如：clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;

(2)以e结尾的直接加d

如：dance—danced; taste—tasted;

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed

如：study—studied;carry—carried;

(4)双写词尾加ed

如：stop—stopped; jog—jogged;

不规则的有：am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;

19形容词副词比较级的构成

规则的：

(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er

如；small—smaller; low—lower;

(2)以e结尾的加r

如：late—larer;

(3)双写词尾加er

如：big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;

(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er

如：heavy—heavier; early—earlier;

不规则的有：

good, well—better(最高级为best); many, much--- more(最高级为most); far---farther;

20rain与snow的用法

(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词

如：There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。

(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪，有四种形式分别是：

动词原形rain， snow；

第三人称单数rains ，snows；

现在分词raining；snowing

过去式rained；snowed;

如：①Look! It is raining now. 瞧！天正在下雨。

②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。

③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。

④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。

(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的

如：It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。

If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的，我将呆在家里。

21比较级

注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。

如：My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancy’s. My brother is stronger than me.

22have, has

表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数)；There is/ are;

There was/ were 表示某地存在有

注意There be 句型的就近原则

单数或不可数用there is /was;

复数用there are/ were.

23本身就是复数的词

眼镜glasses; 耳机earphones; 鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。

如：My glasses were on the chair just now.

但如果表示这双，这副，一双的时候用单数

如：There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.

24五个元音字母分别是Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;

25一个的用法

a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前；an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。

如：There is an ’s’, a ‘t’, a ‘u’, a ‘d’ ,an ‘e’, an ‘n’,and a ‘t’ in the word ‘student’.

26时间表示法

有两种：

（1）直接读时钟和分钟。

如6:10读成 six ten; 7:30读成seven thirty; 8:45读成eight forty-five;

(2)用to与past表示。

在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点

如：6：10读成ten past six; 7:30读成half past seven;

过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分

如7：45读成a quarter to eight; 9:50读成ten to ten;

27基数词变序数词的方法

基变序有规律，结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例，结尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);

八去t， 九去e， ve要用f替（即eigh—eighth; nine—ninth; five-- fifth ;twelve—twelfth）；

ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twenty—twentieth；forty—fortieth);

几十几十位为基个位为序（如第二十一为twenty-first）。

另外强调序数词前一定要加the。

28日期的表示法

用the+序数词+ of +月

如:三月三日 the third of March;

12月25日 the 25th of December.

29both 表示两者都

如：My parents are both teachers.

all表示三者以上都

如：The students are all very excited.

30节日的表示法

有day的节日前用on.

没有day的节日前用at,

如：at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Year’s Day.

31激动兴奋的

excited表示激动的，兴奋地主语是人；

exciting表示令人激动的，令人兴奋的主语是事情

如：The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.

赛跑非常令人激动，因此所有的学生都很激动。

32比较

两者比较用比较级，三者以上比较用最高级

如：Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does

谁跑得更快，男孩还是女孩？男孩。

Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.

你最喜欢哪个季节？我最喜欢秋天。

Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.

你更喜欢哪个季节，夏天还是冬天？我更喜欢冬天。

33动词还原的用法

前面用了do, does did, don’t, doesn’t didn’t后面动词要还原。

如：Did she watch TV last night?

Helen doesn’t like taking photos.

34到了

到达用get to

但注意到家，到这儿，到那儿不可以加to

如：get home; get here; get there,

另外go home; come here; go there也一样。

35长着和穿着

长着什么用with

如：the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩；

穿着什么用in

如：the man in black穿黑衣服的男人

或：the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女

36让某人做某事

用let sb后加动词原形

如：Let’s water the flowers together.

是该做…的时候了用It’s time for+名词或It’s time to +动原。

帮助某人做某事是help sb with sth

如：帮我学英语是 help me with my English

37树上

外来的东西在树上用in the tree

如：the bird in the tree;

树上长的用on the tree

如：the apples on the tree

38运动和乐器

球类之前不加the;

乐器之前必须加the

如：play the piano; play football

39get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样

如：get stronger; get longer

chopsticks是双音节词，第一音节重读，它的正确发音是：/t∫’opstiks/

字母组合ch读清辅音/t∫/

元音字母o读/o/

辅音字母p读爆破音/p/

辅音字母s读清辅音/s/

辅音字母t读爆破音/t/

元音字母i读短元音/i/

辅音字母k读爆破音/k/

最后一个辅音字母s也读清辅音/s/

chopsticks释义：筷子

参考：

两个英语单词组成的词叫复合词，这样的词去了去了！！

A．复合词的概念—

由两个或更多的词合成一个词的现象，叫复合词，又称合成词（词与词之间可以有连字符）；其中以复合名词最多，其次是复合形容词，复合动词、介词、副词、数词等也不少。

B．复合名词

a．名词＋名词：bookshop／store／seller／mark，sunlight／shine／glasses，French／Englishman，policeman／woman，volley／basket／base／football，penfriend，grandfather／mother／son／daughter／parent（s）／children，schoolboy／girl／bag／yard，headache／master／teacher，moon-cake／light，team／house／homework，workbook／place／shop，newspaper，motorbike／car，birthday，bed／class／bathroom，handbag，gate-keeper／man，pencil-box，day／lunchtime，lifeboat／time，postcard／man／office，seafood，weekday／end，class／work／mate，northeast／west，railway，southeast／west，textbook，teapot，shellfish，earthquake，cup／keyboard，doorbell，fireplace，farmland，hometown，salesgirl，necklace，wardrobe，spaceship，etc．

b．形容词＋名词：loudspeaker，goodbye，midnight／day，blackboard，Mid-autumn，software，mainland．．．

c．动名词＋名词：sitting／waiting-room．．．

d．动词＋名词：playground／house，watchtower，chopsticks，washroom，checkout，breakfast．．．

e．名词＋动名词：handwriting，homecooking，thanksgiving，roller-skating．．．

f．动词＋副词：get-together

g．afternoon，today，tonight（n．＆adv．），ping-pong，T-shirt，E-mail，

self-respect，two-storey，yo-yo．．．

C．复合形容词

a．形容词＋名词＋（e）d：kind-hearted，glass－topped

b．形容词＋现在分词：good-looking

c．副词＋现在分词：hard-working

d．名词＋现在分词：English-speaking

e．名词＋过去分词：man-made

f．副词＋过去分词：well-known

g．形容词＋名词：mideast，round-trip

h．up／downstairs（adj．＆adv．），everyday，take-away，outdoor，one-way，part-time，two-month／day／year／metre（-old／longetc．）secondhand，mouth-to-mouth，so-so，on-line，so-called．．．

D．其它复合词

maybe，forever，everything／body／one／where，nothing／body／where，something／body／one／where，anything／body／one／where，myself，ourselves，when／how／who／what／whichever，wherever，without，into，in／outside，sometime（s），thirty-eight，forty-fifth，water-ski，download，half-way，nearby，etc．

II．缩写词

A．缩写词概念B．长单词变短单词网页C．一个首字母即代表一个单词网页

A．缩写词概念—

由一个长单词或二个以上的单词缩为一个短单词（更可简到只剩廖廖几个骨架字母），叫缩写词又名缩略词。

B．长单词变短单词—

a．截头：telephone—phone，bicycle—cycle，aeroplane—plane，etc．

b．去尾：mathematics—math（s），photo-graph—photo，Monday—Mon．，October—Oct．，adverb—adv．（ad．），kilogram—kilo，examina-tion—exam，advertisement—ad．，laboratory—lab，etc．

c．既截头又去尾：refrigerator—fridge

d．混合词（各取两词的一部分刷新成另一词）：breakfastandlunch—brunch

e．cannot—can't，willnot—won't，shallnot—shan't，letus—let's，Iwould（had）—I'd，sheis（has）—she's，youare—you're，number—No．（ornum．），Catherine—Kate，Iwill（shall）—I'll，bicycle—bike，mister—Mr．，etc．

C．一个首字母即代表一个单词网页（注：多数要大写，组合成像单词一样的常见缩写词）。如：veryimportantperson—VIP，physicaleducation—P．E等

CD，BBC，CAAC，ID，IQ，IT，UFO，SAR，OK，CBA，MBA，WTO，UNESCO，PLA，PRC，AD，CCTV，CCP，EMS，USA，p．m．，kg，km，cm，mm，a．m．，etc．（注：它们一般按字母读音读，如PC／'pi:'si／；但像UN-ESCO／ju（:）'neskou／等也可当作一个单词来拼读）。

筷子在英语中可以使用chopsticks来表示。chopsticks这个英语单词的读音是/ˈtʃɒpstɪks/，其中第二个音节/stɪks/是需要浊化的。

所谓浊化是指在同一个音节内，当一个清辅音前的音是/s/, 我们在拼读时，应该将该清辅音读成其对应的浊辅音。所以/stɪks/中的/t/应该浊化成接近于/d/的音。

A a/eɪ/，B b/biː/，C c/siː/，D d/diː/，E e/iː/，F f/ef/，G g/dʒiː/，H h/eɪtʃ/，I i/aɪ/，J j/dʒeɪ/，K k/keɪ/，L l/el/，M m/em/，N n/en/，O o/əʊ/，P p/piː/，

Q q/kjuː/，R r/ɑː(r)/，S s/es/，T t/tiː/，U u/juː/，

V v/viː/，W w/ˈdʌbljuː/，

X x/eks/，Y y/waɪ/，Z z/ziː//zed/

一、26个英文字母及发音音标如下:

A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:]

F f [ef] G g [dʒi:] H h [eit∫] I i [ai] J j [d3ei]

K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [əu]

P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:]

U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′d∧blju:]

X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:] [zed]



二、英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:

1)含元音音素[ei]:字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk

音标: [ei] [eit∫] [d3ei] [kei]

2) 含元音音素[i:]: 字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv 音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d3i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]

3) 含元音音素[e]: 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz 音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]

4) 含元音音素[ju:]: 字母: Uu Ww

音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:]

5) 含元音音素[ai]: 字母: Ii Yy 音标: [ai] [wai]

字母组合发音归类 1./i:/

ea tea eat teacher pleaseice-cream peach jeans sneakers read meal seal seat beat

ee meet see green coffee three thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen jeep queen feed teen sheep sweet beef weekend Halloween tree sleep need week feel seed deep between bee feet



2. /au/

ow brown how wow cow flower down now town crown

ou mouth mouse out house our playground cloudy sound sour housework cloud about count bounce mountain south accountant sprout loud



3./әu/

ow yellow rainbow window snowy snow snowman know tomorrow row show grow

oa boat coat raincoat goat road goal load coach float throat



4./ɔ:/、/ɔ/

or morning orange short more for fork shorts New York horse pork sports bookstore store north report reporter shorter sore bored storm tomorrow

aw draw law strawberry oor floor door

all /R:l/ ball small tall wall basketball baseball fall taller smaller call



5./ ә: /

ir bird squirrel birthday shirt skirt T-shirt thirteen thirty first third girl

ur purple hamburger nurse Thursday Saturday fur turn return curtain



6./ ә/

er ruler eraser sharpner finger afternoon water teacher father mother grandmother grandfather brother sister watermelon certainly computer farmer driver player dinner sweater weather matter sneakers slippers remember singer writer reporter cleaner yesterday taller shorter stronger older younger centimeter funnier bigger smaller heavier longer thinner lobster killer fever matter better under over cucumber excercises summer winter September October November December air-conditioner center strawberry super answer answering climber however ever forever tiger river flower

or doctor actor work homework housework factory vistor author mirror our colour favourite colourful



7.th/ð/

the this that that’s father grandfather mother grandmother brother they they’re them there either then other together another with those these weather clothes

/ө/ thank thanks mouth birthday three thirteen thirty fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth nineteenth twentieth thin Thursday healthy third north south month think theme thinner thing something bathroom path



8./ei/

ai rain rainbow wait rainy e-mail straight again paint train pain

ay birthday play may May day way stay away holiday always say today subway



9./z/

air air chair stair hair pair air-conditioner fair

ear bear wear swear pear ere there where

10./i/

ear ear hear dear near clear

eer deer cheer beer

ere here



11./u:/

oo school afternoon too balloon zoo cool room classroom washroom bedroom bathroom goose boots noon soon

ou soup group coup



12./a:/

a afternoon after banana dance last class glass grass grandma grandpa mama plant ask

ar sharpner farmer farm garden art artist warm park shark are card car hard market supermarket



13./ai/

y sky why spy sly fly cry try buy bye

igh light right high night might fight



14./t∫/

ch much French chicken teach teacher watch peach chair children China Chinese which each match catch chopsticks



15./∫/

sh fish she short shorts English shirt shoes ship shop shopping wash washroom dishes shelf



16./ts/ ts shorts rabbits kites

17./tr/ tr tree

18./dr/ dr dress hundred 18./kw/qu question queen quiet

19./tw/ tw twenty twelve twelfth twentieth

20./Ri/

oy boy toy

oi choice point

21/u/ sure poor

22./dz/ ds birds woods

23./ŋ/ ng thing answering

24./w/ wh why where who what when



25./i/

i thin think

y happy worry every country really sorry funny strawberry lovely library ready rainy windy snowy sunny cloudy pretty seventy twenty thirty forty many any healthy salty happy angry study

ay Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

/j/ y yellow yo-yo yeah yes